Natural rubber is a cis-1,4-polyisoprene as a main component of natural polymers, molecular formula (C5H8) n, its composition is 91% to 94% of hydrocarbon rubber (cis-1,4 - polyisoprene), the rest of the protein, fatty acid, ash, sugars and other non-rubber materials. Natural rubber is the most widely used general-purpose rubber.

Chinese name English name of natural rubber NR (Natural Rubber) cis-1,4-polyisoprene main component of the formula (C5H8) n Classification solid natural rubber latex concentrate characteristic resilience insulation impermeability plasticity

table of Contents

1 Introduction

2 component

? physical properties

? natural attributes

? Yield

3 species classification

? The main purpose

? Performance

4 History

? Strategic Position

? characteristic distribution

? test report

5 Other Information

? transportation and storage

? producing countries

? Development

? may rise

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Usually we said natural rubber, natural latex from Brazil refers to rubber trees collected through solidification, drying and other processing steps and made of an elastic solid substance. Natural rubber is a cis-1,4-polyisoprene as a main component of natural polymer,

natural rubber

natural rubber

Its hydrocarbon rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) content of more than 90%, also contains a small amount of protein, fatty acids, sugars and ash.

Edit component

About 2,000 different plants produce similar world natural rubber polymers, from which 500 species have been different kinds of rubber, but the real practical value of the Brazilian Hevea. When the surface of the rubber tree is cut, the bark inside the milk ducts are cut, the latex flows out from the tree. Latex from rubber trees collected, after diluted acid coagulated, washed and then tableting, drying and packaging, which obtained a commercially available natural rubber. Depending on the natural rubber glue method can be made of sheet tobacco, dried film, crepe, technical grade adhesive and latex concentrate and so on.

natural rubber

natural rubber

Standard rubber or plastic particles, is the 1960s developed new varieties of natural rubber. Previously, GM tobacco sheet, crepe, air-dried sheet which several traditional products both on the classification method of manufacturing methods are tied with the development of natural rubber. Therefore, Malaysia began to implement standard rubber program in 1965, based on the use of physical and chemical properties of raw rubber grade developed on the production of rubber particles. Standard rubber is defined as mechanical impurities, plasticity retention, plasticity initial value, nitrogen content, volatile matter content, ash content, color index and other physical and chemical properties to grade rubber. Standard rubber packaging is also more advanced, smaller ships with a polyethylene film packaging, and distinctive logo, package weight, easy to move. Malaysia Package weight 33.3kg, of the provisions of 40kg.

Standard rubber grading more scientific, so this classification method soon as all the major natural rubber producing countries and international standardization bodies accepted, and has developed a grading standard glue. These standards substantially the same, but not exactly the same. Such as ISO2000 regulations in five grades, our standard GB8081-87, provides for four levels.

Physical properties

CAS No.:9006-04-6

EINECS Number: 232-689-0

Generally flaky solid, the relative density of 0.94, a refractive index of 1.522, the amount of the elastic film 2 ~ 4MPa, 130 ~ 140 ℃ softening, 150 ~ 160 ℃ sticky soft, 200 ℃ when degradation begins. There are more elastic at room temperature, a slight plastic, crystal hardening at low temperatures. It has good alkali resistance, but impatient acid. Insoluble in water, lower alcohols and ketones, in a non-polar solvent such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and the like can swell.

Natural Properties

Usually we said natural rubber, natural latex from Brazil refers to rubber trees collected through solidification, drying and other processing steps and made of an elastic solid substance. Natural rubber is a cis-1,4-polyisoprene as a main component of natural polymers, molecular formula (C5H8) n, its hydrocarbon rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) content more than 90%, also contains a small amount of protein, fatty acids, sugars and ash.

Physical properties of natural rubber. Natural rubber has high elasticity at room temperature, slightly plastic, has very good mechanical strength, low hysteresis loss, when many low heat deformation, so the flex resistance is also very good, and because the non-polar rubber, so that good electrical insulation properties.

Chemical properties of natural rubber. Because there are unsaturated double bonds, so the natural rubber is a chemical reaction ability of the substance, light, heat, ozone, radiation, deformation and flex copper, manganese and other metals can promote aging of rubber, aging is a natural impatience rubber Achilles heel, however, added antioxidant natural rubber, sometimes in the sunlight for two months still do not see much change in the warehouse storage can still be used as usual after three years.

Medium resistance properties of natural rubber. Natural rubber has good alkali resistance, but not resistant to concentrated acids. Since the non-polar rubber, natural rubber, only some of the resistance to polar solvents, non-polar solvent in the swelling, and therefore, its oil resistance and solvent resistance is poor, in general, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, carbon disulfide, ethers , higher ketones and higher fatty acids are natural rubber dissolution, but its solubility is affected by the extent of the impact of mastication, and lower ketones, lower alcohols, esters and natural rubber is a non-solvent.

Natural rubber microstructure

Structure of natural rubber was mainly macromolecular chain structure, molecular weight and its distribution and aggregation structure, natural rubber, isoprene units are macromolecular chain structure, molecular chain is mainly composed of poly-iso-ene constituted rubber content accounting for over 97 per cent, there is an aldehyde group on its molecular chain, on average, a per macromolecular chains, it occurs in the aldehyde condensation or protein decomposition products to form a branched, cross-linked, so that rubber viscosity increases during storage, as well as on natural rubber macromolecular chain epoxy groups, more active.

Natural rubber is generally inferred macromolecular end dimethylallyl, pyrophosphates other end group, end groups, aldehyde groups and elements of polymeric molecular chains are rarely in natural rubber molecular weight and its distribution aspect, its wide range of molecular weight, according to foreign reports, the vast majority of molecular weight of about thirty thousand, the natural raw rubber, rubber, vulcanized rubber are high intensity, in general, natural rubber strength up to three MPa.

High mechanical strength of natural rubber main reason is that it is self-reinforcing rubber series, when the tensile stress along the macromolecular chains will be oriented to form crystalline grain minute amorphous macromolecule played reinforcement, not to expand the reason for its strength as high as closely aggregated internal structure of fine particles caused.

natural rubber

natural rubber

Yield

April 2012 - the world's natural rubber output in December rose by 3.2%, while consumption of natural rubber decreased slightly by 1.1%. Which the United States and European countries, a significant decline in consumption, Japan and Korea also declined, while Chinese consumption of natural rubber remain slow growth.

Global plastics network is expected in 2012 global production and consumption of natural rubber will reach 11.41 million tons, respectively, and 10.95 million tons, 460,000 tons surplus supply. 2013 global production and consumption of natural rubber will reach 11.77 million tons and 11.59 million tons, 179,000 tons surplus supply.

Edit species classification

Books on natural rubber

Books on natural rubber

According to the shape of natural rubber can be divided into two categories: solid natural rubber (film and plastic particles) and concentrated latex. In everyday use, solid natural rubber accounted for the majority proportion.

Film according to different manufacturing process and shape, divided into smoked sheet and air-dried film, white crepe, brown crepe and so on. Natural Rubber Smoked Sheet is the most representative species, has been a large amount of a wide application of plastic types, Smoked Sheet generally graded according to shape, divided into premium, one, two, three, four , five, a total of six, less than five are categorized as substandard glue.

Plastic particles (ie, standard plastic) is based on the international unity of the physical and chemical performance, graded index, which includes physical and chemical properties of impurities, the initial value of plasticity, plasticity retention rate, nitrogen content, volatile matter content, ash content and color index seven items, which impurities led indicators, according to the number of impurities into 5L, 5,10,20 and 50, a total of five levels.

Closing Level of the Shanghai Futures Exchange futures market of natural rubber contract for a standard domestic and imported smoked sheet rubber SCR5 RSS3, which made a standard rubber SCR5 also commonly referred to as the 5th standard rubber, implementation of the national bureau released implementation of natural rubber GB / T8081 ~ 1999 version of the quality indicators. Imported Smoked Sheet RSS3 quality and packaging implementation of the International Rubber Conference to determine the "natural rubber grades of quality and packing of international standards" (Green Paper) (1979 edition).

The main purpose

Due to a series of natural rubber having the aforementioned physical and chemical properties, especially its excellent resilience, insulation, impermeability and plasticity characteristics, and, after appropriate treatment also has oil, acid, alkali, heat resistance, cold resistance precious nature of pressure, wear, therefore, has wide range of uses. For example, used in daily life of rubber boots, hot water bottle, elastic band; healthcare industry with surgeon gloves, blood transfusion tube, condoms; all kinds of tires used on transportation; the belt used in the industry, conveyor belts, and acid-resistant alkali gloves; irrigation hose agricultural use, ammonia bags; meteorological measurements using balloons; scientific test sealing, vibration equipment; aircraft used on defense, tanks, guns, gas masks; even rockets, artificial earth satellite spacecraft and other sophisticated science and technology are inseparable from natural rubber products.

performance

Modern scientific studies have proven that ordinary natural rubber is isoprene polymerization.

(1) the chemical nature of the natural rubber is an unsaturated rubber, natural rubber, prone sulfurization reaction (reaction structure) with a sulfurizing agent, bromine and oxygen, ozone oxidation, cleavage reaction occurs with a halogen chloride, reaction in the catalyst and the action of an acid chemical reactions.

But because natural rubber is a polymer compound, so it is an organic compound having a reactive ethylenically properties, such as slow reaction the reaction was incomplete, non-uniform, but also has a variety of chemical reactions coexistence (e.g. oxidative cleavage reaction and the reaction structure )Wait.

In various chemical reactions of natural rubber, the most important is the oxidative cleavage reaction and structured response. The former is raw rubber processing was the theoretical basis of mastication, folic acid rubber aging reason; the latter is vulcanized raw rubber vulcanization process to obtain a theoretical basis. The chlorinated natural rubber, cyclization, hydrogenation reactions, can be applied to the modified terms of natural rubber.

(2) natural rubber with excellent overall physical and mechanical properties of natural rubber has good elasticity at room temperature. This is due to the natural rubber molecule chain at room temperature in an amorphous state, the molecular chain flexibility good reason. A density of 0.913g / cm, the elastic modulus of 2-4MPa, steel about 1/30000, and an elongation of 300 times that of steel, up to 1,000%. In the range of 0-100 degrees, the resilience of natural rubber can reach more than 50% -85%.

(3) heat aging at room temperature to the natural rubber elastomer, the glass transition temperature of -72 degrees slowly softened when heated, begins to flow at 130-140 degrees, 200 degrees began to decompose, severe decomposition 270 degrees.

(4) chemical resistance medium refers to oils, liquid chemicals and so on. Natural rubber impatience cyclohexane, gasoline, benzene and other media, are not soluble in polar acetone, ethanol, insoluble in water, resistant to a 10% hydrofluoric acid, 20% hydrochloric acid, 30% sulfuric acid, 50% sodium hydroxide Wait. Intolerance concentrated acid and potassium permanganate oxidation strong, heavy and potassium.

(5) good processing properties of natural rubber due to high molecular weight, molecular weight distribution is quite wide, the molecular chain is easy to break, plus a certain amount of raw rubber molecules in the gel, it is easy mastication, mixing , rolling, extrusion, molding and the like.

History edit

1492 far before Columbus discovered the American continent, residents of Central and South America have begun to use.

1736 until 1736, France was the world's first reports about the origin of rubber, latex collection methods and the use of rubber in South America, the local case, the Europeans began to recognize natural rubber, and further study of its value in use.

Has since 1839 after more than 100 years until 1839 Goodyear American (C.Goodyear) found that the addition of basic lead carbonate and sulfur in the rubber, after the heating system out of rubber when exposed to heat or sun exposure , it is no longer as easy to become soft tacky, but also to maintain good flexibility, which invented vulcanized rubber, natural rubber thus really been recognized its special value, become an important industrial raw materials.

1888 British Dunlop (J.B.Dunlop) invented the pneumatic tire, automobile tire industry to promote a leap development, resulting in a sharp rise in rubber consumption.

1876 ??British Wickham (H.Wickham) from Baxi Ma Hudson estuary rubber seed collection, planting shipped back to the Royal Botanic Gardens, and try to grow in Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Indonesia, Singapore, were successful. That is, for the Brazilian rubber tree in the Far East settled in the beginning. Since then, the cultivation of the rubber industry is developing very rapidly. In 1997 the world's natural rubber production has reached 6.247 million tons.

After the founding of New China, China State Farms scientists through scientific practice, breaking the so-called overseas over the past century is 15 ° north of the Brazilian rubber tree planting "forbidden zone" conclusion, succeeded in north latitude 18 ° to 24 ° north latitude, the vast region of cultivation Hevea brasiliensis, and obtain a higher yield. In 1996 natural rubber production has reached 42 million tons, becoming the world's fifth largest natural rubber producer.

Strategic Position

In 2007 the State Council issued "on the promotion of the development of natural rubber industry view" (Guo Ban Fa [2007] No. 10), further defined the 'natural rubber is an important strategic materials and industrial raw materials' strategic positioning, certainly a significant contribution to China's natural rubber industry made, pointed out the development of natural rubber industry in the existing problems and challenges put forward in the future development of China's natural rubber industry guiding ideology, basic principles, development goals and specific measures.

"Opinions" made it clear that by 2015, China's domestic natural rubber production capacity to reach 80 million metric tons, overseas production and processing capacity of 60 tons or more goals. "Opinions" for the rapid and healthy development of China's natural rubber industry in a clear way forward, to create a good environment, opening up a vast working space, which is guiding the new period of development of natural rubber industry a landmark programmatic document, It is of great practical significance and far-reaching historical significance.

Characteristic distribution

Mala Yue rubber tree native to the western Brazilian Amazon region, has cloth and Asia, Africa, Oceania, Latin America, more than 40 countries and regions. Larger acreage countries: Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, China, India, Vietnam, Nigeria, Brazil, Sri Lanka and Liberia. Our rubber planting area is mainly distributed in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, in addition to planting Taiwan, Hainan, where the main rubber planting area.

Evergreen trees, milky sap. Straight root, three compound leaves, leathery entire. Flowers unisexual, monoecious, panicles. The fruit is a capsule, oval seeds. Hevea brasiliensis greater variability and adaptability. Suitable for annual average temperature 26 ~ 27 ℃, and there is no absolute minimum temperature below 15 ℃; annual rainfall of 2500mm or more evenly distributed; annual average relative humidity of 80% or more; more than 1m deep soil, surface organic matter containing 20 ~ 30cm 3% above, soil pH5 ~ 6, loamy soil texture with the best soil, groundwater level 1.5 ~ 2m above; altitude generally below 300 m, non-windy areas planting.

Natural rubber sap collected from the plant, although there are more than 2,000 kinds of plants to produce natural rubber in the world, but mainly the large-scale planting of Hevea brasiliensis. The main component of natural rubber is harvested cis polyisoprene, flexible, high elongation strength, tear resistance and good wear resistance, easy adhesion with other materials, which is widely used in tires, plastic and other rubber products. Hevea brasiliensis hi high temperature, humidity, wind calm, fertile soil, mainly grown in Southeast Asia and other low-latitude regions. Constrained by natural conditions, China's only Hainan, Guangdong, Yunnan, weather conditions can be grown, usable area of ??about 1,500 hectares have been planted around 1400 acres, the annual output is about 600,000 tons.

natural rubber

natural rubber

Test Report

L A T E X T E S T R E P O R T

Natural latex detection report

Subject: The quality test report of natural rubber latex 60% DRC H.A.

Title: High ammonia concentrated natural latex quality inspection report

Items

Project Test result

International standard measured results

International standard

Total solid content of total solids content of 61.53 61.5 min

Dry Rubber Content dry rubber content of 60.19 60 min

Non rubber solid non-rubber solid content of 1.49 2.0 max

Ammonia content (on total weight) ammonia content of 0.74 0.6 min

Ammonia content (on water PH.) Aqueous ammonia content of 1.92 3.0 max

PH of latex pH 10.58 11.0 max

KOH number potassium content of 0.48 1.0 max

V. F. A. volatile fatty acid 0.014 0.03max

Mechanical Stablity Time (S) rate of mechanical stability (seconds) 860 650 min

Magnesium Content (on solids), PPM magnesium content of 32.5 80 PPM

Color of latex latex color White White White White

All tests are performed according to the relevant I.S.O. 2004 - 1979 (E) Specification

Tested by SGS International Inspecting Co., Ltd. Bangkok branch

By the SGS international commodity inspection authorities, Bangkok Branch test

Additional information Edit

Transportation and storage

Loaded rubber ship cabin to be clean, dry, cabin piping, gutter flow, cover tightly.

When the shipment, rubber to metal pad portion of the cabin was separated dunnage should be clean, dry and intact without breaking phenomenon.

Producing countries

Producing countries: China and Vietnam Malaysia Thailand and Indonesia

process status

First half of 2012 so far, the domestic rubber industry, the main economic indicators continue to maintain modest growth, mainly rubber output increased presented robust and growing trends, industry products export delivery value growth rate fell slightly last month, the industry continued to maintain a health benefit trend.

Data show that since 2012, China Rubber industrial output grew 6.47%, integrated tire production increased by 2.59%, which radial tire production increased by 3.13%, steel radial tire production increased by 6.55 percent, meridian rate 87.23%, an increase of 0.46 percentage points.

At the same time, the whole industry realized sales revenue grew 6.26%, stocks increased by 7.06 percent, a decrease of 0.12%. Complete tire export delivery value increased 11.29%, the export rate (value) of 34.23%, an increase of 1.48 percentage points year on year and last year. Tire export delivery volume increased by 5.87%, the export rate (amount) of 42.83%, up 1.32 percentage points year on year and last year.

May rise

Natural rubber prices will not be reduced, but the possibility of prices is very large. Despite technically neckline of repression, but the strength of the market outlook is still relatively strong, according to relevant sources, suggesting the possibility of upward Hujiao still relatively large.

Tire export enterprises have a cost advantage

When the rubber into the upstream price fell trouble, lower tire profitability are on the rise. Since the relevant preferential policies canceled, passenger car sales by the overall economic slowdown sluggish tire production enterprises operating rate. The main raw material is rubber tires, steel tire rubber used in accounting for about 40% -50%, weak demand led to falling prices of tires but also have an impact on its upstream raw material prices. It is estimated that when rubber prices fell 40%, the cost of domestic truck and bus tire sales fell about 27% in the case of tire prices fell less than the decline in the cost of tire companies are still downstream demand situation under so profitability promotion. And the tire companies also welcomed the US safeguard the expiration of favorable factors, the tire business in the future will be a certain operating rate increase, tire companies have export more cost advantage, boosting demand for rubber.

Heavy truck sales expected to stabilize

Heavy truck sales in October was 4.4 million, growth of 1.9%, and sales for two consecutive months stabilized at over 40,000 sales appeared to stabilize upward trend. Due to the heavy truck consumption of rubber is far more than other types of vehicles, so heavy truck production and sales data has been the focus of our attention. If the heavy-duty truck sales rebound momentum, it can greatly good rubber market.

January-October cumulative automobile manufacturers reduce inventory 40 000, of which 10 month data show that heavy truck sales difference of 2546, which reflects the level of manufacturers still maintain a more cautious approach. But from the beginning of July, heavy truck sales in a single month has an absolute value of the difference between a clear downward trend, display manufacturers inventory pressure eased, there are signs of improvement in end demand. Experience the "Golden September and Silver October," the traditional shopping season, heavy card showing the steady rise of the trend, sales have bottomed out, the future is very limited space down. Since the domestic heavy truck technology and working environment restrictions, the update cycle substantially 3--5 years, experienced a blowout in 2009 and 2010, consumption of heavy trucks, has gradually entered the peak period of the update, so the consumer market outlook worth the wait.

Industry-driven economic recovery

As can be seen from the latest growth in electricity demand data, growth in electricity demand will be sustained, showing in the fourth quarter is expected to be a moderate economic recovery. Although the September industrial production and demand rebounded at the same time, consumption continued to decline but mainly by destocking factors. October, coal, steel and cement prices rebounded, showing diminished destocking process, industrial production expanded. While infrastructure investment to increase, resulting in a substantial increase in electricity consumption in heavy industry, coal consumption for a single day a slight increase since October, indicating that power increase will be sustained. Therefore, we expect industrial activity will further drive the economic recovery, the fourth quarter GDP is expected to moderate rebound.

As can be seen from the above, natural rubber prices have more upside. Current income gum and storage areas to stop cutting of approaching domestic market has played a strong supporting role, Hujiao main two consecutive weeks highs, coupled with cost advantages tire export, heavy truck sales are expected to stabilize, three industry-driven economic recovery factor, the possibility of natural rubber upward very large.

Hujiao shock upstream, empty one on the sidelines appropriate

IRCo chief, said the Secretary-General, the three member Board of rubber in Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia will be held on December 12 ministerial meeting. Today the main force of the 1305 natural rubber futures contract closing price to close at 24,780 yuan / ton, compared with previous day's settlement price rose 0.55%. Contest for the 456 584 transactions a day hand, hand positions increased 9422 to 162,676 hands. He said that the agenda of the annual meeting included proposed the establishment of a regional rubber market. ITRC invited Vietnam to join the organization, Vietnam is on the proposal to be considered. Vietnam has not confirmed rumors of a senior officer rather than send its minister to attend the meeting.

Natural rubber mastication mechanical process requirements

Natural rubber is a raw rubber mastication main types of plastic. With open mill and mixer mastication can get good results. When using an open mill mastication, usually a low temperature (40-50 ℃) thin-pass (roll gap 0.5-1mm) and segmentation method mastication mastication method works best. When using the mixer mastication temperature should be below 155 ℃, time is about 13min (depending on the plasticity requirements). Mastication time increases, the plasticity Plastic compounds increases. But not too refined, otherwise leaving the plasticity becomes too high physical and mechanical performance.

When natural rubber refining, often adding accelerant M as peptizers, to improve the effect of mastication accelerator M off mill and mixer mastication mastication are applicable. After mastication of natural rubber for the rubber molecular chain is relaxed (commonly known as fatigue) and plasticity even need to park a certain time (4-8H), in order for the next procedure.

At present the main varieties of domestic natural rubber used are: domestic standard rubber smoked sheet and imported smoked sheet and Standard Malaysian Rubber like. Due to the different initial Mooney viscosity of the types of plastic, To obtain the same plasticity, the time required for mastication of course, different. Its mastication time of order: Imported Smoked Sheet> Domestic Smoked Sheet> Domestic standard plastic> Standard Malaysian Rubber>. Constant viscosity and low viscosity standard Malaysian rubber, oil-extended natural rubber, rubber tires, easy-to-rubber initial Mooney viscosity is low (generally less than 65), may, without directly mixing mastication.